Fire Prevention and the Federal Government Essay

Numerous administration offices make fire avoidance as a component of their main goal. America has the most noteworthy fire passing rate is the most noteworthy on the planet. Flames execute 3,700 and harm more than 20,000 individuals every year. Property misfortune is about $11 billion every year. The United States Fire Administration (USFA) has assisted with lessening fire passings considerably. They have added to fire counteraction and concealment more than some other government office. In 1974, Congress built up the United States Fire Administration . Their main goal is to give national initiative to nearby fire and crisis administrations. It is a division of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). FEMA turned out to be a piece of the Department of Homeland Security on March 1, 2003. Their main goal is to â€Å"reduce the death toll and property and shield the Nation from all risks, including cataclysmic events, demonstrations of psychological warfare, and other man-made disasters† (â€Å"About USFA†, n. d. ). The Department of Homeland Security was shaped after the September 11, 2001 psychological oppressor assaults. Their essential strategic to shield the nation from fear mongering. Since the USFA was made for the sole motivation behind the avoidance, readiness, and reaction to flames and different crises, it has contributed the most to the reason. â€Å"America’s fire passing rate is one of the most elevated per capita in the industrialized world† (â€Å"About USFA†, n. d. ). Hence, it is as yet an improvement since over twenty years prior. In 1971, 12,000 individuals and 250 firemen passed on because of flames. USFA keeps on making our networks and society more secure today. Reference U. S. Fire Administration. About the U. S. Fire Administration. Recovered August 3, 2008 from http://www. usfa. dhs. gov.

Crocodile Physics Essays - Electromagnetic Radiation,

Crocodile Physics Crocodile Physics Crocodile Physics resembles an all around loaded material science lab where you can analysis to your heart's substance. Covering numerous schedule themes, here is the equipment smoothed for the little screen. There are masses, streetcars, focal points and electronic parts to amass, examination and take estimations with. You can swing pendulums, change gravity, change edge of slopes to find out about powers. Astounding are the optics instruments which let you split light into its hues with a crystal and perceive how fiber optics transmit light. A area on eye abandons, where you increment the central length of a display focal point and see what that does to the light beams will make a magnificent instructing apparatus. Despite the fact that it comes with worksheets, those with time to extra can utilize it to make amazing intuitive instructional exercises. Crocodile Physics has been created from Crocodile Clips 3, the acclaimed Secondary School Physics test system utilized in more than 35 nations and suggested by governments around the world. It's a test system for Middle and High school and school material science courses. Crocodile Physics incorporates an amazing optics test system, with a scope of parts including focal points, crystals, mirrors and light sources.You can set the frequency of the light being produced from your source, and pick equal pillars, wandering pillars or beams. You can likewise set the components of the source. Crocodile Physics contains a full scope of electrical parts. Each school branch of knowledge is secured: from the essential batteries, bulbs and switches - which are moreover given in pictorial structure, to help comprehension of the primary standards - to further developed rationale entryways, coordinated circuits and semiconductors. A huge segment library gives you the opportunity to try such that suits your educating, and permits intrigued understudies to investigate the subject all the more profoundly. One of the key highlights which marks Crocodile Physics out from other training programming is the Coordinated Multimedia Editor. This permits you to modify our exercises to suit your requirements, or to compose your own without any preparation. The recreation is numerically precise, permitting you to test structures and investigate the laws of Physics. Most part esteems can be changed voluntarily. Crocodile Material science comes total with more than 100 intelligent on-screen exercises, covering a scope of subjects in power, gadgets, optics, mechanics, elements and sound. They consolidate full reenactment with data, questions and replies. It's anything but difficult to incorporate them into List of sources Not accessible

How to Prepare for a Job Interview

How to Prepare for a Job Interview If any time soon you are having a job interview, then this post is for you â€" as it will show you how to impress your hiring manager and come out as a preferred candidate for the vacancy.Job interviews are a tough nut to crack and it is not easy to make a terrific impression on the recruiter with just your qualifications and extra-curricular activities. There are many other things that you might not be aware of and we are going to highlight them in this article.In this time and day, people start preparing for the big interview weeks before the actual day. Mental preparation for the job interview is essential as for every other competition.According to experts, the candidates should visualize how the interview would go before attending it. This ensures that they are confident when answering the actual interview’s questionsâ€" putting them in the lead for winning the job post.No worries if you feel a small edginess before the interview it can be helpful because it makes you feel mo re energized and alerted. However, too much anxiety can be dangerous if you do not manage to put your nerves under control during the interview.For getting out of the tense mood, you can use some popular methods like listening to soothing sounds and practice deep breathing. You can also follow the following top 20 tips for successful job interview. 20 BEST TIPS FOR SUCCESS IN YOUR NEXT JOB INTERVIEWIt takes a lot of time and research to learn about the company, their background, values, and future plans, as well as to assume the interview questions the interviewers might ask, and their requirements for the new team member.But in order to leave a good impression on your first encounter with the hiring manager, you are required to know certain things ahead of the interview, such as the dress code, basic information about the company and their competitors, knowledge about the product or services they are offering, etc.Hence, to aid you in getting fully prepared, we have made a list of the 20 best pre-interview tips that should assist you with bringing your best game to the job interview appointment. This list includes almost everything from the dress code to how to deal with particular questions they might ask you.1. Learn about the company Before going for the interview, learn everything that you can find out about the company like the number of branches it has, the kind of work it does, the geographical area it covers, etc.You can use many sources for this, such as the Internet, the company’s website, latest news releases and talking to your family and friends who might have heard about the employer.It happens frequently that candidates look only at the data that the company is publishing through its social media and website, but forget about inquiring people directly and personally.They might have information that is not published anywhere yet and this might make you stand out in the interview â€" it will show the potential employer that you went the extra m ile to get familiar with the company.2. Read the company’s and its employees’ blogs  (if there are any)To get a sense of what the company does and what the employees do, read the blogs of the company and the people working for it.Also, to figure out what the company wants from you or from its employees, read the Facebook page and the ‘tweets’ of the company’s Twitter account. The tone of the content of those blogs speaks a lot about the company’s organizational culture.3. Chat with the company’s current employees But not with the higher authorities (as this might be seen as pressure them into awarding the job to you). It is better if you chat with the employees of the company that you can reach easier.For example, if the employer has its stores, you can walk in one of them and ask the salespersons there how they like working for the company. If the employer has a Customer Call Centre â€" you can also call there and speak to one of the phone operators.4. Find out how th e company’s ex-employees rated their ex-employer There are few online platforms that can let you know about the company in a broader sense. The site has the reviews from the former as well as some of the current employees of the company.They talk about their experience working for your potential future employer, their work culture, etc. However, always take those reviews as a guide and not as a fact.5. Know the role your work will play in the company If you are selected you will be working in a certain area of the companyâ€" for example, in sales, marketing, IT, engineering or something else. Use the product or service that you will be working with before your first interview so that you can know how to increase the value of that product.For example, if you are applying for a sales job, you should know about the product that the company is selling and then try to find ways to increase the sales of that product.6. Familiarize yourself with your interviewers’ profiles If you have the name/s of the person/s who will have the interview with you then look up their name/s on the company’s website, on LinkedIn or elsewhere on the Internet.Learn about those people, for example â€" their educational or career background and their hobbies. Look for things that you might have in common with them, so you can relate to them during the interview.Then you can bring up a common interest that they have outside the office, discuss any current event related to their expertise, and ask them for details about their area of professional focus.7. Practice some case and brainteaser questions Some companies give you brainteaser questions or case questions to find out how you will face different situations while there are some companies that will give you a standard set of typical interview questions.It is completely alright to contact the HR or the recruiter to ask about the interview format before the interview day. After finding out the interview format, you can start investin g your time in prepping for those questions.8. Refresh your skills and accomplishments Note down all your skills and accomplishments and collect all the related certificates so that you can show them at the time of interview.Spend some of your time thinking about the most common interview questions like “How will you contribute towards the progress of the company?”.In addition to this, take some time out to think about your management and creative abilities. Design a formula on how to answer the question “Tell us about yourself” because this is a question that they will almost certainly ask you. You must be sure to bring your A game in the interview with its answer.9. Know your strengths as well as weaknesses You must know all your weaknesses by now, but you should not tell all about each one of them to the hiring managers. However, do not be thrown off by the old question “What is your biggest weakness?”.The best way to answer this question is thinking of something that you have an issue with but are currently working on improving it.For example, if you are struggling with public speaking but are taking Toastmasters classes for the past few months or if you have volunteered to help others to overcome their fear of public speaking, then you can discuss it as your weakness.10. Study the most common interview questions There are common interview questions that can easily be found on the Internet. Jot down a few bullet points or a few notes on these questions to be prepared for the interview. 11. Have some numbers and percentages ready to share Now, there is one thing that can easily impress the hiring managers or your recruiters and that is numbers. Find some percentages, quotas, numbers or increases that you can use while talking about your accomplishments and responsibilities because it will let the hiring manager know that you do not take anything lightly.Another question that the recruiter might ask is “What would you bring to the position?” and you have to answer this question in a smart way. Look in the mirror and ask yourself this question. Answer this question in the best possible way while giving away some of your accomplishments.In addition to this, make some bullet points on your vision for the company, how your work can improve the condition of the business, etc. This will help in clarifying your thoughts and make you much more comfortable during the actual interview.12. Practice a job interview with a friend Another thing that can really help you before the interview is doing a mock interview with a friend. If you answer the question “Tell me about yourself” for the 10th time, it will be much better than the first time.Hence, ask your friend to do a mock interview with you and allow them to ask you questions that they think your hiring manager can ask you. This will help with boosting your confidence for the real interview.13. Prepare the interview outfit the day before your interview Decide on the perfect interview outfit before going for the interview. Companies that have a professional or business casual dress code would want you to look conservative and basic for the first interview.In case you are not sure what you should wear, you can ask your friends or contacts who work at that company to find out what they wore during their interview.Another alternative â€" if you do not have any such contacts â€" is hanging out at a café across the street a week few days before your interview and taking a glimpse of what employees at the company wear.In addition to this, make sure that your interview dress is freshly washed, pressed and tailored.Often, you have your interview outfit sitting in your closet for a couple of months or even years and you just dust it off for a job interview â€" but please do not do the same if you want to impress the hiring manager.14. Remember the small things Check for loose hems on your interview clothing, shine your shoes, manicure your fingernails and comb your hair properly. You may think that people would not notice these little things but they actually do and will make their judgments of you partly based on that.Also, if you think you need a little pampering like a new interview outfit, razor shave, a haircut, or a facial treatment, then do it. Feeling good about how you look can make you feel more confident than before.15. Make your reference list Make a reference list whether you think that you will be asked for it or not. Also, print out at least five copies of your resume because you never know whom you will be meeting and you have to make sure your resume is ready and with you at all times.16. Compile an interview kit Always have your interview kit ready and with you at all times. The interview kit â€" besides the few extra resumes mentioned above â€" should also have items like a notepad, a breath mint, a stain stick, Band-Aids, pens, pencils, a notepad, etc.17. Organize your bag This point is for candidates who carry purses or briefcases totheir job interviews, regardless of their gender. Clean your bag before the interview.Search for any candy wrappers, old receipts and other unnecessary items that should not even be there. Other things that are important but may look messy like phone chargers should be kept in an organized manner.18. Study the current news affairs Before going for the interview, study the current topics popular in the mainstream media. There is a big chance that your hiring manager may ask you questions related to it and it will reflect on your knowledge about current events.19. Become aware of your body language Do not be someone else on the interview seat, be yourself. Changing your body language can communicate bad stance and posture to the interviewer which is not good for you.20. Sleep sufficient Do not lay awake all night before your interview day. A good sleep is very important and in case you are unable to sleep, drink a warm glass of milk, listen to soothing music and try yo ur best to get a good night sleep. THE 5-STEP INTERVIEW PREP GUIDEWe have made a 5-step interview preparation guide in order to help you with bagging the job you like. This interview prep guide has all information from what to bring to a job interview to how to research about the company to how to dress appropriately.The guide will cover all the important points of the interview and help you in securing the job. This prep guide will assist you in answering questions and stand out among the other less-prepared candidates. How to find out the type of interview you are going for â€" There are several kinds of interviews popular these days, namely group, behavioral and one on one interview. In the one on one interview, a single hiring manager sits in the interviewer chair and asks you questions whereas, in the group interview, there can be two or more than two hiring managers. You should not assume that you would get a certain type of interview. What you can do is ask the company what t ype of interview they will be conducting. The best is to ask them when they call to schedule or confirm the interview. Otherwise, you should call the HR department and politely ask them this. How to greet your hiring manager â€" You should always greet your hiring manager with a firm handshake and a friendly smile. If you do these two things in the right manner, you will set off the right attitude and energy towards the interviewer. This is a very simple and small step for gaining the attention of the recruiter. How to present your resume â€" It is very important that you know what is written on your resume before you show it to your interviewer. They will ask about your skills, education, accomplishments and other quantified results that you have listed on your resume and it is only expected that you know about all of them. Do not add any fake information on the resume because that may cost you the chance to have an interview for the same company ever again in the future. How to be have â€" Be on your best behavior during the interview. Do not try to be too smart or play overconfident because the hiring manager wants you to be yourself and not someone you are pretending to be. Also, be honest during the interview and do not talk about accomplishments you do have not achieved. How to question the interviewer â€" If there is any query that you have about the company and if you cannot find the answer to it from other secondary sources then ask it during the interview. This shows how serious you are about the job. Also, it looks good if you go with your own intelligent questions for the interview. It shows that you have put some effort while preparing for the big interview. However, note that the questions you ask should hold some relevance and should be genuine. Asking irrelevant questions can have the negative effect on the recruiter.THINGS TO NOTE JUST BEFORE GOING FOR THE INTERVIEWYou must find out few things before going to your job interviews, such as the di rections to the place of interview, the type of interview you are going to have, and the exacttime for the interview, among other things.Few days before going for the interview take some time out to clear few things such how is the traffic in the area around the time of your interview, what is the fastest and safest way to get there, etc. Make a list of these questions and when you have the answer, tick them.It is okay to reach the interview place 10 minutes before the actual interview time but no sooner than that. Hence, if you do get there more than 10 minutes before, it would be better if you sit outside in your car or in a nearby café for a little while. In case you get lost or if you are going to be late, bring the phone number of the recruiter and inform them â€" make sure you have enough battery on your mobile phone when you leave your house.Further, you can try out pre-employment assessments before attending the job interview. You can take the free pre-employment assessment s on the Internet for free. These small practice tests can assist you in being more comfortable during the interview when it is finally your turn to be in the hot seat.The hiring managers can easily tell whether a candidate has prepared for the job interview or not, hence follow these simple tips. Your hiring manager will appreciate your efforts and might even offer you the job because of that! TO SUM UPLastly, you must always be positive and think good things while going for the job interview. Both career experts and the psychological experts agree that being positive helps in boosting your energy and self-confidence.Always think about and practice what you really want to happen as it calms you down and makes you feel on top of the world â€" optimistic, confident and sure of yourself. Go and smash that interview!

Greek Gods in Antigone - 1269 Words

Charles Wallace Mrs. Lopale CP English 10 7 May 2012 The Greek Gods and Their Role in Antigone The Greek gods were thought of as the most powerful forces to ever exist in ancient times. In turn, they played a pivotal role in the Greek people’s lives. Their power and influence over the Greek people is evident in many of the stories in Greek literature. Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades, the most powerful Greek gods, each played a part in the story of Antigone by Sophocles. Throughout the play, â€Å"God† refers to Zeus, the king of gods. Antigone’s main motive for defying Creon is that she does not think Creon is doing what the gods would want. â€Å"Which of us can say what the gods hold wicked.† That quote means that Antigone does not think people†¦show more content†¦He is also the son of Cronus and Rhea, and is the second most powerful god. He is one of the three supreme gods of the Earth. (Gall.) In one of his temper tantrums, Poseidon realized he was not happy with his ocean domain, and wanted to try and overthrow his brother, Zeus, and become king of the gods himself. Poseidon asked for help from Apollo, the god of light and music. Together, they bound Zeus with chains. Zeus had too much strength and power and freed himself very quickly. Zeus was furious with Apollo and Poseidon. As punishment, he sent them to work as laborers for Laomedon, the king of Troy, a city in what is now considered Turkey. Laomedon promised a very big reward if they could build a wall around the city of Troy. However, after they built the wall, Laomedon refused to honor his agreement and did not pay them for their work. In turn, Poseidon and Apollo sent a plague and a sea monster to destroy the city of Troy. (Gall.) Hades is the Greek God and ruler of the Underworld. He is often associated with wealth and agriculture. He is also the son of Cronus and Rhea and the third most powerful Greek god. Unli ke his two brothers, his realm cannot be seen by anyone living. The Greeks believe that his name, Hades, means â€Å"The Unseen One.† He is the only god that does not live on Mount Olympus; he has his own glittering palace made of pure gold and gems in the Underworld. The Greeks believe that when mortalsShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Antigone 964 Words   |  4 PagesDebis Professor: Kennedy ENC 1102 April 12, 2016 Theme In Antigone Sweeping dramas of rival families and of rival family members seeking control of a kingdom are very popular now. One obvious example is Game of Thrones, which continues to break viewership records and also engender controversy. Such sagas, however, are nothing new. Antigone, a play by Sophocles and the sequel to Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes, provides an ancient Greek perspective on the themes of power, duty, and law while providingRead MoreThe Ancient Greek Of Ancient Greece1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe ancient Greeks highly valued the strength and power in a spoken word. Political, economic, cultural, and social life of the Ancient Greeks can be seen in their plays. They thus relied on words to communicating. Their desire to communicate and pass crucial information led to the creation of numerous plays across the region. The ancient Greek plays were both entertaining and educative thus reflecting on the kind of life that this person lived (Hogan 11). Their settings ca n suggest a lot about theRead More The Relationship between Gods and Mortals in Mythology Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween Gods and Mortals in Mythology The relationship between gods and mortals in mythology has long been a complicated topic. The gods can be generous and supportive, and also devastating and destructive to any group of humans. Mortals must respect the powers above them that cannot be controlled. The gods rule over destiny, nature, and justice, and need to be recognized and worshipped for the powerful beings as they are. Regardless of ones actions, intentions, and thoughts, the gods in GreekRead MoreSophocles Antigone By Sophocles964 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles, a famous ancient Greek tragedian, the main character, Antigone, demonstrates a prohibited action in a strict, male-dominated society. Greek civilization upheld strong values and rules that were designed to enforce orderly behavior among its people. There were state laws created by the King, Creon, and divine laws created by the Gods. Divine law was superior to the king laws, and if that rule was disrupted, eternal consequen ces could ruin an individual. In this societyRead MoreExplain the purpose of the main characters, minor characters and the chorus in Antigone. (30 marks)1556 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Explain the purpose of the main characters, minor characters and the chorus in Antigone. (30 marks) All characters which feature in Sophocles’ play Antigone play an important role somehow; mainly conveying a certain moral or theme. The major characters portray the main themes such as loyalty, whilst some of the minor characters and the chorus explore the theme of prophecy and fate. Antigone is one of/the main character in the play named after herself. However it is debatable whether she is theRead MoreA Man Defeated By His Flaws in Sophocles’ play, â€Å"Antigone† 995 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sophocles’ play, â€Å"Antigone† translated by Robert Fitzgerald and Dudley Fitts, Creon believes his laws surpass the laws written by the gods but his real flaw is his belief in masculine superiority and his self-destructive pride. In Greek literature, a tragedy means a sad story in which a hero is defeated because of his flaws and through this the audience will have a better understanding of themselves and the world. King Creon takes the audience thru his journey of ego, stubbornness and sufferingRead MoreRelating to Characters in Sophocles Plays1561 Words   |  7 Pageshonoring the Greek God Dionysus, called The City Dionysia. For each festival a competition was held where competitors would write plays that were performed throughout the festival. At the conclusion the author of the best play was declared the winner. Sophocles entered this competition many times and was often awarded first prize. One of his most famous plays, that is still performed today is called Antigone. This play raises some questions concerning the importance of several aspects in Greek cultureRead MoreContrast Between Ancient Greek Theatre â€Å"Antigone† and Modern Russian Theatre in â€Å"the Cherry Orchard†.1695 Words   |  7 PagesContrast between Ancient Greek Theatre â€Å"Antigone† and Modern Russian Theatre in â€Å"The Cherry Orchard†. Theatre which is a main source of entertainment has made various stories in her womb regarding theatres in all over the world like African, Yoruba theatre, Asian Theatre, Middle-East Theatre and Western Theatre like Greek Theatres and Modern Russian Theatre. First of all, Greek theatre seems to have its roots in religious celebration that incorporated song and dance. Like this Greek theater shadowed byRead MoreAntigone Moral Dilemma1253 Words   |  6 Pagesplay Antigone by Sophocles is the value of human law vs. divine law. In this tragic play a newly appointed king Creon declares to his people that treason was committed during battle, and one of the two brothers (Polyneices) killed shall not be buried according to the Gods, but instead He shall be left unburied for all to watch the corpse mutilated and eaten by carrion-birds and by dogs (Sophocles, 1900.). This dilemma is felt by many, especially Antigone (sister of the deceased). In Greek cultureRead MoreDivine Law Vs. Human Law 1510 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion above the state their entire lives. In the play, Antigone, Sophocles dramatizes the division between divine law and human law. Antigone personifies religion and the law of the gods, while Creon exemplifies human law. Inevitably, the disputes between the two ultimately result in the characters’ tragic fates. Sophocles uses a variety of literary techniques to strengthen the theme and central conflict of religion versus law. In Ancient Greek times, religion was known to play a direct and personal

Legal And Ethical Dilemmas Of The Healthcare Industry

Controversial topics exist in nearly every industry, but perhaps none more dramatic and differentiated than those issues in the Healthcare industry. Legal and ethical dilemmas are constantly present within the Healthcare industry, so it is important to understand the governing laws and that there is an understandable diversity of opinions on these sensitive topics, which can lead to differing opinions about the â€Å"right† thing to do in a particular situation (Harris, 2008). One such topic is that of a patient’s right to refuse treatment. The right to refuse medical treatment in the United States of America is typically traced back to the judicial opinions of court cases: Union Pacific Railway Co. v. Botsford, 141 U.S. 250, 251 (1891), which held that all individual’s had the right to possession and control of his person, free from all restraint or interference of others, unless by clear and unquestionable authority of law, and Schloendorff v. Society of New Yo rk Hospital, 105 N.E. 92, 93 (N.Y. 1914), which went a step further and stated that a surgeon who performs an operation without patient’s consent commits an assault, for which they are liable in damages (Standler, 2012). There are numerous court cases and various opinions on the topic of a patient’s right to refuse medical treatment, and this type of constant criticism leads to changes in law, the healthcare industry temperament, physician behavior, and patient treatment. Through legal action there has been a precedenceShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Marketing And Ethical Considerations928 Words   |  4 PagesHealthcare Marketing and Ethical Considerations Marketing and advertising strategies have historically been an important avenue for businesses to reach target audiences. However, for the healthcare sector, marketing and advertising are a newer strategy. Thus, advertising regulations and ethical considerations have remained slow in comparison with technological growth and consumer interests. Progressing from an industry banned from advertising, to an industry where marketing has become crucial, hasRead MoreLegal an Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Ethical and Legal issues in Nursing paper Student Name: Aleyamma John, RN Course Name/Number: NUR/391 Due Date: Mar 21, 2011 Instructor Name: Dolores Martinez Nurses are facing many legal or ethical dilemmas in their career. Nurses should combine knowledge of ethical and legal aspects of health care and professional values into nursing practice. It is very essential to know what kind of dilemmas nurses may face during their profession and how they have been dealt with in theRead MoreCase Study : Partners Healthcare Systems1460 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Partners HealthCare Systems Angela Cisco, Talia Green, Amy Mc Kinnon Glun, Morgan Rodenbaugh, and Marla Bernal Baker College Online Case Study: Partners HealthCare Systems Partners HealthCare is a non-profit, health system located in Boston that created a data based transformation (Davenport, 2013). It integrated a new system that aligned the participating organizations to cohesively run as one and to help shape the future of the organization. The system didn’t stop there as it was responsibleRead MorePharmaceutical Industry Legality Essay705 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Specify the types of country risks that pharmaceutical firms face in international business. How do the political and legal systems of countries affect the  global pharmaceutical industry? The different types of country risks for the pharmaceutical firms are: 1. Pricing: Many Asian and African countries are poor and cannot afford the costly medicines. The Pharmaceutical firms spend vast amounts on RD in creating and marketing drugs, thus charging high prices enables for costRead MoreDifferences Between Tort Law And Criminal Law1607 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Exam 1. Compare tort law and criminal law by identifying their similarities and differences. Conclude your analysis with examples how each may apply to health care providers who run afoul of legal standards. Tort law and criminal law have one major similarity in that they are both meant to identify wrongdoers, start a corrective action on them while also deterring people from wrongdoing. Their objective entails maintaining the scales at a balance concerning all the events in society. They advanceRead MoreSimilarities Between Tort Law And Criminal Law1605 Words   |  7 Pages1. Compare tort law and criminal law by identifying their similarities and differences. Conclude your analysis with examples how each may apply to health care providers who run afoul of legal standards. Tort law and criminal law have one major similarity in that they are both meant to identify wrongdoers, start a corrective action on them while also deterring people from wrongdoing. Their objective entails maintaining the scales at a balance concerning all the events in society. They advance justiceRead MoreThe Information Flow Of E Commerce1594 Words   |  7 Pagesbecomes a dilemma for an organization to identify if a prospective investment in IT is desirable or not, the concerns are likely to vary from organization to organization and industry to industry. Ethical Issues in Healthcare The delivery of goods and services in the American healthcare system is strained due to various issues, there are concerns over the erratic coverage, inefficiencies in the system 3 pertaining to the compilation of the health records, uncertainty in the quality of healthcare servicesRead MoreA Theory Of Justice By John Rawls781 Words   |  4 Pagesmany regulations, laws and standards of practice that healthcare workers must abide by. An ethical issue can occur when a doctor performs an abortion that is legal but may not be considered ethical by other health care professionals or members of the public at large. Other ethical dilemmas arise at the end of life, when a decision must be made to turn off life-support machines and allow death to occur (Greenwood, 2015). There are more ethical issues that a health care professional might face on anRead MoreEthical Issues in Healthcare Research Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many ethical issues in the healthcare field. These issues range from insurance coverage, senior care, childhood immunizations, beneficence, abortion, medicinal marijuana, honesty and medical research (Fritzsche, D., 2004). Today we will discuss the ethical concerns in only one aspect of heath care and that topic is research (Benatar, S., 2000). Medical research is necessary in order to make strides in health care, introduce new medications, to discover new symptoms and disorders and toRead MoreMoral Ethics And Values Based Dilemmas871 Words   |  4 PagesMoral ethics and values-based dilemmas are ethical principles that difficult to handle at a workplace when employees have to choose what is wrong and right according to their own ethics. An effective ethics program must complement the values of the organization along with the values in the law. Good ethical behavior for any business is always a fundamental to its success. The main key for business owners and managements is to ensure all employees understand all the ethics. This paper discusses how

Externalities of Smoking Free Essays

In the paper I’m going to discuss the externalities of second-hand smoke. Externalities refer to all costs or benefits of a market activity borne by a third party. It’s also the difference between the social and private costs (benefits) of a market activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Externalities of Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now When economic agents are not directly involved, negative externalities can exist, such as pollution. Second-hand smoke is a health hazard at any level (Essentials Of economics, Bradley R. Schiller). It’s to be said that smoking bans are the only way to protect nonsmokers.Although many states and hundreds of cities have passed smoke-free laws, more than 126 million Americans ages 3 and older continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke. Nearly 50,000 nonsmokers die from the secondhand smoke each year. Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work increase their risk of heart disease and cancer. Brief exposure to smoke, damages cells, beginning a process that can lead to cancer, and increase the risk of blood clots (USA today: June 28, 2006).Secondhand smoke kills 46,000 adult nonsmokers from heart disease, 3,000 nonsmokers from lung cancer, and 430 newborns from sudden infant death syndrome. In children it causes 790,000 ear infections, 200,000 episodes of asthma, at least 24,000 low birth weight or preterm deliveries. When non-smokers are exposed to secondhand smoke it’s called involuntary smoking or passive smoking. Regardless if you’re smoking or not, if you’re around someone who is smoking you’re taking in nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do.The workplace is a major source of secondhand smoke exposure for adults (USA today: June 28, 2006). Secondhand smoke meets the standard to be classified as a potential cancer-causing agent by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cancer. org). Separating smokers from non-smokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating the building cannot prevent exposure if people still smoke inside the building. Most people can be exposed in public places such as restaurants, shopping centers, public transportation, schools, and daycare centers.Some businesses seem to be afraid to ban smoking, but there is no proof that going smoke-free is bad for business. Public places where children go are a special area of concern (cancer. org). Making your home smoke free is healthier for your family. Secondhand smoke imposes significant costs on nonsmokers and society, according to a recent society of Actuaries study that concluded the annual cost of excess medical care, mortality and morbidity from secondhand smoke exposure in the U. S is approximately $ 10 billion(18 Aug 2005). The study also found that medicals costs for caring for people exposed to secondhand smoke have reached more than $2. 5 billion (medicalnewstoday. com). All the money you spend on cigarettes is just going to the company that makes them. So you’re giving this company all this money to just smoke a cigarette. On average most people pay about close to seven dollars for a box of cigarettes. Not only is this harmful to you, but its as harmful to the people around you. When you smoke in front of someone their inhaling all the chemicals that are carried In that one cigarette.So in conclusion this affects the economy so much, because people who don’t even smoke have to pay for all types of medicals bills. Just from getting secondhand smoke from others. I myself don’t think they should banned smoking. But there should be sections in public places which are meant for smokers. Some people can’t just stop smoking no matter what they do. So at the same time we have to respect their needs. And their needs are nicotine. Sources ?Cancer. org ?Medicalnewstoday. com ?USA today: June 28, 2006 ?Essentials of economics (Bradley R. Schiller) How to cite Externalities of Smoking, Papers

Love story Essay Example For Students

Love story Essay Ive never been one for Love Stories, but this one touched me in a BIG way. It happened to a friend of mine and Ill never forget the way that it changed him. For as long as I knew Sebastian he had always liked the women folk. He never, ever went through the cootie stage. I remember when he turned five years old that he bawled his eyes out because he couldnt marry a girl whom at the time was probably twelve. That was all he wanted. He changed thoughsomehow he changed. I will try to tell you his story the best that I can. Actually the story is about me, for I am that friend, Billy. The day was beautiful, not a cloud in the sky. Just the kind of day that I had been waiting for. I walked across the courtyard trying to find her. My heart was racing about a hundred miles an hour. I kept on asking myself, Do I have the guts? Finally I saw her. The sunlight made her beautiful blonde hair look angelic. Her face was glowing and her lips as red as apples. I just wanted to go up to her and plant this big, wet, sloppy kiss on her that would make her forget her name. Ive got to do it, I said to myself. I walked up to her, almost in slow motion. When I was about two feet away she turned around and look deep in to my eyes. It was like we were looking in past our eyes down to our soul. Finally, we stood face to face. We stared at each other for at least a good five minutes when we both went for each others lips. I closed my eyes. When I was a centimeter away from her luscious lips, I heard a voice scream. When I opened my eyes I found myself about to kiss my history teacher Mrs. Jenkins. I jumped up and took my seat. The class was laughing hysterically loud. My face was as red as the apple on Mrs. Jenkins desk. I felt myself sinking down into my chair like I would never crawl out of it. I thought to myself Ive got to quit day dreaming! I was so relieved when the bell rang for lunch. I rushed outside as quick as I could. I ran to my locker and tried to crawl in it. Just then my best friend Chris ran up to me laughing his head off. Hey Billy! I heard what you tried to do with Mrs. Jenkins. KISS, KISS, KISS.If it was anyone else, anyone, I would have hit him in that pretty little face of his, but since it was Chris I decided not to. Chris is a nice guy. Ive known him since we were little. He is like a brother to me. Besides he is a lot stronger than I am and probably worked me over pretty good. Man Chris how did you find out so quick?It was kind of a stupid question. I mean when you go to school in a town called Cornville everything gets around. Most of us though, who went to school at Cornville High, didnt live in Cornville, it was just a good school. Chris was about to say something when his jaw dropped to the floor. It was like he saw an angel or something. I cant believe that its true. Its impossible.I heard there was a new girl on campus that was prettier than anything that you had ever seen in your life, and shes coming this way.Excuse me. Im new here can you tell me where Mr. Coles class is?I turned around and there she was! She was tall and drop dead gorgeous. She had long brown hair and beautiful big brown eyes. Her smile was unlike anything that I had ever seen. She was so beautiful that I cant describe her, it would do her injustice. My whole body went totally numb. I was so afraid to say anything because I would just drool all over her. Was I sweating? It took e verything with in me to say anything. .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 , .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .postImageUrl , .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 , .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468:hover , .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468:visited , .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468:active { border:0!important; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468:active , .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468 .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua2f5d787438d4b80fdcd8ba2b73f8468:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anti-Federalist EssayI I I think youre hot! I I I mean.

Ritz Carlton Hotel

Introduction Ritz-Carlton Hotels is a well known company with a good reputation globally especially when it comes to exemplary customer service. It has a unique corporate culture from other hotels and lodgings across the globe. Its guests are always given a royal treatment by exceptionally trained employees in every detailed standard. It also has a unique motto printed on employees’ cards; â€Å"we are Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman.†Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ritz Carlton Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is currently operating a different customer approach it adopted in mid 2006; â€Å"do not tell employees how to make guests happy†. The old one was so prescriptive and scripted. The current approach is based on outcomes. However, this has not affected the company’s goal which is to make a guest happy by rendering better services. In this new customer service philosophy, staff members react with the guests in a natural environment unlike in the old approach which seemed like they were reading from a book. Cultural dimensions The current organization culture at Ritz-Carlton can be described as outcome-oriented. Managers’ focus is more on results; the reason why they insist on pleasing a guest. The manner in which employees do this is no longer the managers’ concern unlike in the old culture where employees were expected to follow laid down rules to reach this objective. The managers do not just expect the guests to be happy but also delighted by the services offered by the employees. The company executive also considers this during selection of new staff members. The advantage of this culture is that executive focuses less on managing employees (Forssell, 2004). Once they have picked the right people, they give them the opportunity to spread their wings. They almost don’t have to manage employees. Ho wever, this culture may omit certain aspects in the early stage that affect the overall performance of the organization because it only focuses on results (Robbins, 2011). Another cultural dimension that has been taken by this organization since 2006 is people orientation. From the motto; â€Å"we are Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman†, it is clear that the employees are also considered special by the organization. This culture shows that it is not just the business that maters but also the employees who work tirelessly to ensure that guest receive a better treatment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The success of a business does not necessarily mean building a market share but connecting to the target. This culture is important because employees who connect to the guests are already motivated to work. Another important aspect of this cultural dimensi on is that managers are always patient and factor every person’s opinion before making any decision (Ballantine and Roberts, 2010). The dangerous aspect of this approach, however, is that main purpose of a luxury hotel can be forgotten. It is so dangerous to prioritize on the employees needs more than the customers. It, therefore, becomes hard to determine who comes first. Even though the motto appears as if the two are treated equally, sticking this balance is never easy especially when a company wants to increase its revenue. Qualities and skills needed at Ritz-Colton I would wish to work at Ritz Carlton. As a new employee in a highly competitive industry, there would be need to polish and sharpen my communication skills. I will also have to be organized because that is all hospitality demands. Languages are another mandatory skill in the success of this industry. Ritz-Colton is an upscale outlet hence there are chances of working with guests from different parts of the wor ld. The success of this company, therefore, requires multi-lingual individuals. Having an ability to stay calm under pressure and also being able to work under strict deadlines also form part of required skills in this field. The culture at Ritz-Colton This organization has a strong culture because operations of employees are strongly influenced by the two cultural dimensions it has taken. The employees, for instance, have the motto of Ritz-Colton embedded on their cards to keep them on toes. They have to abide by the organization’s philosophies to ensure that objectives are reached. Due to these laid down principles, employees are committed to the organization. They also pledge their loyalty to the organization when they sign performances contracts and agree to treat their guest with dignity. This strong culture helps in recruiting an explicit team for a luxury hotel. New members are highly scrutinized because they are supposed to meet the quality standards expected by the i ncoming guests. Socialization becomes easy because the culture binds them together thereby creating an opportunity of teamwork that increases productivity. Due to the fact that the employees easily identify with the organization, the sense of belonging is another motivating factor. In a luxury hotel, employees need to be motivated in order to afford a smile while handling the guests.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ritz Carlton Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion I would consider being a fourth wheel to this organization because it is so clear, from the motto, that Ritz-Colton treats its employees with the dignity they deserve. Such organizations provide a good natural environment for learning. The motto also shows that unity exist between the employees thereby creating a good and strong cultural environment for the team. With the high competition in this field, Ritz-Colton would be my choice of a workplace. References Ballantine, J. H., Roberts, K. A. (2010). Our social world: Condensed version. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE/Pine Forge Press Forssell, D. C. (2004). Management and leadership: Insight for effective practice. Hayward, CA: Living Control Systems Publishing. Robbins, S. P., Robbins, S. P. (2011). Management. Harlow, England: Pearson Education. This report on Ritz Carlton Hotel was written and submitted by user Joaquin Anderson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Short History of Kwanzaa

Short History of Kwanzaa Free Online Research Papers In this short essay I am going to discuss the history of Kwanzaa. I am going to briefly discuss how Kwanzaa came about, and how it is traditionally practiced. Kwanzaa is a non-religious African American holiday that emphasizes family, culture, and community. In 1966 Dr. Maulana Karenga, a professor of African American Studies, at the University of California, Long Beach, wanted to find a way to bring African Americans together as a community. He started to research traditional African harvest celebrations, particularly Karenga. Karenga combines harvest celebrations from several different tribes, such as those from the Ashanti and Zulu tribe. The name Kwanzaa is taken from the Swahili phrase â€Å"matunda ya kwanza,† which means first fruits. Kwanzaa is celebrated over the seven days between Christmas and New Years. While every family celebrates Kwanzaa a little bit differently, most partake in traditional dances, music, literature and a large traditionally African meal. At the end of each of the seven nights a child lights a candle on the Kinara, a candle stick that holds seven candles, while the family discusses one of the Nguzo Saba’s. Nguzo Saba means seven principles in Swahili. The seven principles are unity, self-determination, responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. The center candle is the only black candle and is lit the first night; it represents unity which is part of the main basis that Kwanzaa is built on. Kwanzaa is a very important part of African Americans embracing their culture and a way to bring the community together in celebration of their roots. Research Papers on Short History of KwanzaaBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West Meet

Steve jobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steve jobs - Essay Example While the later part will indicate how his life influenced mine in particular. Steve Jobs, the man and the innovator, was of a very buoyant character. Upon research, we realize that Job’s life was like a roller coaster ride in most meanings. He started out as a college dropout, who did not have the financial means to support education, worked his way up and became immortal. Baig and Aamir (2013) encapsulate Jobs’ desire, motivation and also his diligence, to rise from humble beginnings to the pinnacle of corporate success, in the following words, ‘In 1976, before Co-founding Apple Inc., Steve Job’s worked at Atari.’ He teamed up with his friend Steve Wozniak to establish the company that went on to be named Apple Computer. Apple computers, an essential part of many peoples' lives today; was initially an idea conceived in Jobs' garage. Having fallen out with his first financier, Jobs was forced to seek capital elsewhere. Following the success of Apple II in 1977, Wozniak left the project to go back to university while Jobs was fired by Scully (CEO at the time) from the company he had created from scratch Exploring alternatives every time he met a dead end, Jobs never let his circumstances hinder his ambitions. He was fired from his own company yet evolved as per the requirements and founded the production house which gave us the block buster Toy Story trilogy. "While Jobs was away from Apple, he founded NeXT Computer and developed Pixar out of the Computer Graphics." (Webster, 2013) Not only did Jobs completely revolutionize the world's perspective on household use of technology, but also made it much simpler and user friendly. This view is endorsed by Aziz (2013) as he states, ‘His vision for the next generation computer was so far ahead that it was mind boggling for everyone.’ There was a time when, in order to use a computer, you had to be a computer genius; not anymore.Jobs’ Graphical User Interface made sure that folders looked like folders and files like files, making computers viable for people other than brain surgeons and rocket scientists, with no need of coding knowledge (Webster, 2013). This transition of computers, from being a novelty, exclusive only to the smartest minds, was truly the hallmark of Jobs’ innovation. Who else better to personify his yearning for change, transition and the evolution of technology, than Jobs himself. As he’s cited by Anderson (2011), â€Å"Here’s to the crazy ones, the rebels, the troublemakers, the ones who see things differently. While some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do.† After 1991 Microsoft's Windows was rising fast while Apple went into decline as managerial politics caused disturbances. ‘Jobs was invited back to Apple when the company was in trouble having lost huge market shares roughly from 1 2 per cent of PC use in countries where Macs were available, to fewer than 3 per cent.’ (Webster, 2013). Although Jobs was reluctant at first, he accepted the offer under certain conditions and went on to make Apple an example of glowing success as we see it today. Spinelli Jr. (2011) summarizes Jobs’ second-coming in the following words, ‘He knew how to think constructively about hardware and software, beautiful design and great function, the new ways to provide

Question answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Question answer - Assignment Example mains, and for instance a mathematician can prove the conjecture that bundles of order two are commutative, from the axioms of the group theory, hence an accountant might develop axioms that define how the company grows and functions. These axioms eventually prove that employees health decrease with age. This example and several other tasks can be done by the ATP system, provided there is a suitable formulation of the problem in these three ways; conjecture, axioms and hypotheses. David Wheeler, born in 1927, is widely acknowledged as a significant pioneer in computing having invented the relational database model. According to Hey & PaÃŒ pay 2014, David Wheeler is a British computing pioneer, who made a significant contribution in the construction and programming of the EDSAC computer.   The relational model designed for database management is a model that is founded on the initial order predicate logic, and it is originally developed and presented by David Wheeler. In this model for the database, every data is displayed in the form of tuples, bundled into relations. A database developed in the form of the relational model is the relational database, and the purpose of the relational model is contrived to offer a declarative system for specifying the data and questions. In retrospect, the users directly declare what information the database has and the information they need from the database management system. Subsequently, the software takes care of defi ning the data structures of storing the information and retrieval system for answering the questions. Currently, a number of relational database use the SQL data description and question language, and these systems employ the engineering approximation that is the relational model. Henderson 2009, asserts that Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nyagarard are pioneers in computing and are widely acknowledged for the ideas in object oriented programming through their development of the programming languages Simula 1 and

Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essay

Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essay Abstract The research project aimed to do a critical analysis of the ethical issues of dark tourism. Six research objectives were set out to help achieve this aim. In the process of gathering relevant information on this topic, an analysis of dark tourism throughout the years will be done, followed by the commitment of different authors. Furthermore, by examine in depth both the consumers and providers point of views to further understand the ethical dilemma of dark tourism, the research project will highlight the main problems that occur within this sector of tourism. Secondary research has been chosen as a main research method. A wide variety of literature was gathered on the concept of culture and tourism by using a snowball sampling of secondary literature. This type of sampling was carried out by using the authors list of references to highlight other articles that might be of relevance. The findings indicated that, it may be possible to state that ethical issues will always continue to exist around dark tourism, as long dark tourism itself exists too. Recommendation has been given on the importance of the consideration of the ethicalities of dark tourism. As conclusion indicated, ethical issues cannot be understated, and both consumers and providers may want to work together, if in the future, we still would like to know about our history through the form of tourism instead through textbooks and education. Introduction Hall (1998) states that tourism is the worlds largest industry, and it is expected to continue to grow, develop and maintain. The tourist industry is a major economic, environmental and socio-cultural force, and it becomes a lifestyle for millions of people on our planet. Its beneficial effect on the development of political, social, cultural relations and international relations on a global scale has become an obvious fact to all countries around the world. (Meethan, 2001) Over the last half century it is seeing that tourists have long been attracted to places or events associated in one way or another with death, disaster and suffering. (Stone, 2009a) All these sites and many more which are similar, are what are called sites for dark tourism according to main theorists John Lennon and Malcolm Foley, also known as Thanatourism (Seaton, 1996 cited in Ryan et al, 2005) and Black Spots (Rojek, 1997). This form of tourism is what Seaton (1999) defines is about travelling to sites associated with death, suffering and other tragic events that have become significant tourist destinations. In fact, the act of touristic travel to places of death, war, genocide, assassination and disasters is becoming the most developing branch of tourism during the past years and cultural activity within contemporary society. At the same time, there is evidence of a greater willingness or desire on the part of tourists to visit dark attractions and the sites of dark events. (Stone, 2009a) For example, thousands of tourists come to Pont de lAlma Road Tunnel in Paris, to lay flowers and light candles in unofficial memorial of Princess Diana of Wales, where she died in car accident. With the growing popularity of this kind of tourism within the dark tourism market (Tunbridge and Ashworth, 1996), the ethical issues surrounding it will need to be enquired. Ethics plays a role in nearly every business related decision. (Hartman, 1998) With the consumers and providers participating in this growth of phenomenon of dark tourism, as they potentially contrasting ethical perspectives towards dark tourism may be different. Whereas a providers means of preserving history is to charge people to maintain its upkeep, the consumers may see it as money making scheme in the expense of the deceased lives of the site. Whereas the providers means of letting people know its history is through interpretation of vulgar images, may seem unethically unpleasant for consumers. The dissertation will focus on the question of ethics in dark tourism, thereby advancing knowledge and understanding of dark tourism itself. Aim The aim of the project is a critical analysis of the ethical issue of dark tourism. Whether the death could be sold and consumed throw dark attractions and national tragedies. Objectives To define Dark Tourism To define the concept of ethics To examine in depth both the consumers and providers point of views to further understand the ethical dilemma of dark tourism. To use Stone (2006)s shades of darkness spectrum as a tool for measuring different levels of dark tourism sites To establish a conceptual ethical framework for the study of selling provocative narratives of national tragedy in heritage situations To suggest recommendations on the ethical issues Rationale Despite the long history of dark tourism and evidence of travel to sites associated with death, the academic attention on this phenomenon has recently appeared. As a result, a number of fundamental questions with respect to dark tourism remain unanswered. (Stone, 2009a) This topic has been chosen due to a lack of research carried out on ethical and moral issues of dark tourism. The project can be useful to gain more knowledge into the topic of dark tourism. The study of dark tourism is important for a number of reasons. It can be used for educational purposes of wider social interest or for means of enjoyment. In relation to this Stone.R (2009, p.7) states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dark tourism provides the opportunity for tourists to experience playful houses of horror, discover places of pilgrimage such as the graves or death sites of famous people or visit sites of major disasters or atrocities Nevertheless, all these attractions require a deep understanding within cultural, social, historical and political context, effective interpretation and development. Otherwise the nature of dark tourism, in particular, the debates and conflicts it represent, will point to a number of issues that demand examination and understanding, such as ethics and morality. Whether people visit these sites for remembrance, education or entertainment purposes, there will be one dilemma relating to many dark attractions: if it is ethical and moral to sell, promote or offer death for touristic consumption. For example, millions of tourists stop alongside with those, who mourning the loss of loved ones, to see where the World Trade Center once stood in New York. In order to research the dilemma of the ethics and morality of dark tourism, it is necessary to realise that dark tourism is fascinating, emotive and provocative and it is important to explore many features of dark tourism, which may be perceived unethical by some people. Stone (2009a) states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Consequently, the ethics of dark tourism  are perhaps part of the broader research agenda. Ultimately, from this research a fuller understanding of dark tourism  shall be made, and thus knowledge of the phenomenon advanced. Naturally, anyone researching dark tourism should consider the ethics of their research, in particular how data is both gathered and presented Furthermore a case study will be conducted in order to have a closer look at the situation and the major problems occurring regarding ethical issues of dark tourism. In addition, the researcher is originally interested in dark tourism phenomenon. For the past 2 years the researcher has visited the numerous places of death and disaster such as Chernobyl, and has noticed that it is becoming increasingly popular. The researcher also found out that, for 2 years there are numerous quantity of debates on particular dilemma, which will be analysed in the dissertation. It is hoped that this study will have an impact on understanding dark tourism. In addition, it is also hoped that this project will draw more attention to ethical issues and provide a new point of view for those, who does not accept truth and reality of dark sites or attractions. Literature Review Roberts (2004, p.73) defines a literature review as, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦locating, analysing, synthesising and interpreting previous researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This section will be used to establish theoretical framework, identify models and studies and define key terminology in relation to dark tourism and ethics. All research that has been conducted will be presented within this section. An in-depth review of the literature has been done in order to gather relevant information on dark tourism itself and ethical issues throughout the years. The literature matrix illustrates the main areas which are perceived to be the most important in relation to the topic of dark tourism ethical issues. By creating a literature review matrix, it would help the researcher contrast and compare the authors work easily. As a result by carrying out a detailed review of the literature it could possibly identify important questions, key issues and noticeable gaps within the current knowledge on the topic. Dark Tourism: Definitions Only in recent years that it has been together referred to as dark tourism, travel to places associated with death, disaster and destruction has occurred as long as people have been able to travel. In many cases there is no clear definition of this tourism niche. Although, the term dark tourism was firstly created by Foley and Lennon (1996a,b). For Foley and Lennon, the term dark tourism relates primarily to the presentation and consumption (by visitors) of real and commodi ¬Ã‚ ed death and disaster sites (1996a:198); a broad de ¬Ã‚ nition later re ¬Ã‚ ned by their assertion that dark tourism is an intimation of post-modernity (Lennon and Foley 2000:11). At the same time, another terminology has been applied to the phenomenon. Seaton (1996) refers to death-related tourist activity as thanatourism, while other labels include morbid tourism (Blom, 2000), Rojek (1993) offered a Black Spot tourism definition, grief tourism and milking the macabre (Dann, 1994:61). Nevertheless, there is a factor, which is common to all these terms of tourism. It is all about association, in one form or another, between a tourism site, attraction or experience and death, disaster of suffering. As a result, definitions of dark tourism focus on connection between tourism and death. Tarlow (2005:48), for example, gives identification for dark tourism as visitations to places where tragedies or historically noteworthy death has occurred and that continue to impact our lives, a definition that aligns dark tourism somewhat barely to certain sites and hints at particular motives. Miles (2002) states that, however it excludes many dark sited and attractions related to, while not necessarily the site of, death and disaster. Therefore, for the purposes of this research project, the author will define dark tourism, according to Stone (2006, a) simply and generally as the act of travel to sites associated with death, suffering and the seemingly macabre. Ethics Stone (2006,a) states that ethics and the morality of selling provocative and sensitive narrative through heritage to the touring and visiting community is more established and documented problem of dark tourism. Ethics have been conceptualised as a set of rules and principles, concerning rightful conduct based on our most deeply held values, the things we most cherish and the things we most despise.(Lieberman, 2000). The term can also refer to the systematic study of way of thinking about how we ought to behave and finding a rational way of how we ought to live. Ethics and morality suggest a set of duties that require subordination of natural desires in order to obey the moral law (Singer, 1994). The 20th century saw philosophers approaching the problem of the origin of ethics as something unreachable. Among the most publicised conceptual thinkers in the field of ethics have been (Singer, 1994:18): Thrasymachus ( 4th century) and the thesis that ethics are imposed on the weak by the strong; Socrates (4th century) and the thesis that the ruler is not concerned with his own interests, but with that of the subject; Hobbes (17th century) and his statement that ethics give the ruler a right to to command and to be complied; Nietzsche (19th century) who proposed morality is the creation of the herd'(led more fear than hope) Ethics and Moralisation in Tourism There are numerous schools of thoughts and opinions, and literature on the board subject of ethics is prevalent. What is more significant in the situation of the dark tourism is suggesting a conceptual ethical framework for the analysis of providing and selling provocative narratives of nationwide tragedy in heritage settings. This study is concerned with two main and obvious parts of ethics and morality as follows: Business ethics and the extent to which businesses within the heritage industry which communicate a dark narrative to the visiting public consider their practices to be ethical( Stone, 2006,a) Personal morality and the extent to which these often provocative narratives are received and are passable according to the moral principles of visitors from widely varying cultural backgrounds. ( Stone, 2006,a) According to Stone (2006,a) the term business ethics has been described at the extreme as an oxymoron in the corporate world since some argue that morality, as Butcher ( 2003) states, is intrinsically absent in capitalist entrepreneurial ventures. At the moment the issue of business ethics is a conspicuous subject attracting attention from a number of communities of interest, such as consumers, pressure groups and the media (Strange and Kempa, 2003). According to Crane Matten (2007), corporate social responsibility is a dominant strand of the converse of business ethics and has been contrived to refer to the implicit process of communicating a legal and institutional corporate framework within which a duty of care (to people, the environment and employees among others) is implied. For dark tourism, it has not been fully elaborated upon in this context since there present different problems in communicating the social responsibility of these types of heritage sites, such as: The esotericism in the scope of what is morally acceptable to various communities of interest: is there a hierarchical order of care or responsibility that must be demonstrated? Stone (2006, a) provides example of Auschwitz as the most responsible way to admit visitors in compliance with the moral and ethical codes of the relatives of prisoners and victims, but also with the moral principles of other visitor types such as Polish visitors, young visitors. Conflicts of interest, according to Ryan et al (2005), are common in heritage but more morally charged where the narrative is provocative and contested Is it ethical to adopt another national tragedy and inculcate it with new national discourse? Cole (1999a) provides this in a context of the United States Holocaust memorial Museum which he disputes Americanises European Jewish tragedy, repacking Holocaust for American mass consumption in theatre, tourism and heritage. In general, these discourses of corporate social responsibility are present in language of many operations thus far defined as being in the dark tourism business Stone (2006a) states, that traditionally, tourism ethics are discussed in the context of tourism as a major economic engine that can wreak havoc on the environment and can negatively temper the influence host communities in destinations imagined as culturally sensitive Cheong and Miller (2000) discuss tourism ethics in terms of normalising what is acceptable or not acceptable, and an inspecting gaze influenced by the manipulation of imagery in tourism marketing. Tourism activity offers a rare, observable form of ethical behaviour. Tourists vote with their feet and demonstrate in visiting dark heritage sites that these are morally acceptable spaces to occupy. Ethical discourses linked to the production and consumption of contested heritage sites are shaped and maintained by many voices Stone (2006a). The issue of remembering tragedy and oppression in heritage sites and to whom memory is entrusted, is at the centre of academic debate surrounding truth and appropriate narratives broadcast by dark tourism sites. Summary of the literature review Issues in literature review has been addressed which stress the importance of the different definitions to cultural tourism suggested by different authors. The results of this literature review have enabled the author to complete the first objective of the study by demonstrating an understanding of the ethical issues of dark tourism, what dark tourism itself is and what ethical framework is. Using a wide range of modern academic perspectives has helped to illustrate meaning of dark tourism ethics academic perspective, which can be used in the following chapters in reviewing the main findings of the study undertaken. The matrix figure provides a summary of the main points generated by each academic paper and compares and contrasts the various authors views. The matrix figure illustrates the context of cultural tourism referred to in academic papers and books utilized in the literature review. It demonstrates that the opinions of the different authors are both different and similar. Methodology This section of dissertation is going to study the different research methods used within this project. In order to make this research project successful, it is important that appropriate research methods or techniques have to be chosen. The purpose of a methodology is to demonstrate, explain and justify the research methods used in this dissertation. According to Krippendorff (2004) the purpose of a methodology is to help the researcher effectively plan and examine the logic, composition and protocols of the research methods that have been used in research project. The researcher will present a summary of the sources of information gathered; a description of the procedure used to obtain information and the various research methods will be discussed. Furthermore, by completing the methodology it will demonstrate how a systematic investigation was applied into the topic of dark tourism. Choice of Research Design Secondary Data Sharp et al. (2002, p139) define two categories of data which are: primary data that the researcher collects through observations, interviews, questionnaires and etc.; and secondary data that have been collected by other previous researchers. As the author of this dissertation has already mentioned before, in order to perform this research project in successful way, two categories of data and different research methods should be investigated. This research project will be primarily based on secondary research because the primary research is not needed as all the information is already available through secondary research sources, such as books, journals and newspapers. What is more, in order to achieve the aim that has to be investigated, the best method of research would be secondary research. To enhance the existing but very little evidence of the posed topic, secondary research was gathered. Ghosh and Chopra (2003, p.33) define the term secondary research as: data which are already in existence and collected by others, not by the investigator and are available in published and unpublished forms Secondary research was chosen as the quickest and the easiest way to access and is the most cost effective approach to this research project as well. Veal (2006) confirms this by stating that secondary data often provides researchers with rapid answers to some questions at less cost than it would to undergo primary research. Furthermore, if there is enough secondary research to base the study on then it would be a waste of resources to collect new information for the same purposes (Veal, 2006).What is more, secondary research seemed more relevant than primary research. This was because there was wide variety of literature on the subject of dark tourism and ethical issues, sourced from University College Birmingham library, with many books containing relevant information, which will be discussed later. Primary Data The Oxford English Dictionary (2002) defines primary research which is collected for a specific and immediate research need There are many different ways in which to carry out primary research. In order of this research topic, the author found that many of the theories couldnt be backed up with primary data and with a suitable sample. For the purpose of this research project, primary research could be used to gather relevant data and access a large population of students at University College Birmingham and other universities situated in Birmingham. One of the core methods of carrying out primary research is through questionnaires. Mainly, there are two forms of questionnaires: open ended and closed ended. Open ended questionnaires are likely to have unlimited answers to a set of alternatives and likely to receive long answers. However, the difficulty is that they are difficult to analyse and as they seem to hand the baton of control over to the other person. Closed ended questions impose a direct risk to the validity of findings and can be answered with either a single word or a short phrase. Another form of primary research, which was considered were interviews. The Oxford English Dictionary (2002) defines interview as formal discussion between two parties in which information is exchanged. It is possible to say, that it is all about asking questions and receiving the answers. Therefore in this research project, due to difficulties in collecting the required data and access a large population for testing along the facilities required to carry out, a primary research would not be useful in gathering relevant data and the researcher will benefit further from analysing secondary data from literature. Obtaining Research The majority of secondary research for this dissertation was gathered from books, academically reviewed journals, on-line factual reports, newspapers and the internet. All this sources can justify the point of view of an author and provide relevant information about the research project. The most easily accessible secondary research method that the author of dissertation found was the usage text books. Text books were primarily used to gain background knowledge and obtain a wider understanding of specific topics. The advantage of using books is because it gives a clear understanding and academic information. As it was already mentioned before, this method was the easiest, because the researcher could get them not just from the University College Birmingham library, but also to the online library supplied by the University and other on-line organisations such as Amazon, EBay and Google. Key words had to be entered to find appropriate books from the on-line organisations and the library catalogue, the following key words were entered, dark tourism, dark tourism ethics, dark tourism and morality. There were some books which contained many different theories from the past to the present day. The researched decided that the most relevant authors for this research project were John Lennon and Malcolm Foley (2000) and Richard Sharpley and Phillip R.Stone (2009,a). Books for the methodology were found by entering the key words; research methods and methodology. The journals are preferred because they are accurate and provide up to date data, they are also more relevant to the topic as the dissertation is concentrated on the topic of consumers and providers point of views of dark tourism. The journals were accessed through academic search engines like Athens for example and journal databases such as ScienceDirect, Emerald Management Xtra. But unfortunately, these databases were not useful as they did not give any information on particular question, except ScienceDirect. Journals relating to the research topic were accessed with comfort as the researcher can type in key words and the database will present pages of journals that are associated with the key words. The key words the researcher typed in to each journal database were Dark tourism, ethical issues of dark tourism, ethics and morality, Dark tourism forum. To get more information, the researcher travelled to universities to view their journals however access to relevant information, w ere not as successful as it was to find them via the internet. On-line factual reports were used to obtain raw facts and figures; some of these reports include Mintel. Similarly to accessing the journals, key words were entered in order to retrieve the data, the key words that were entered were Dark tourism ethics, Dark tourism. Moreover, on-line articles were read in order to gain a wider perspective of the posed subject area. The usage of newspaper and internet will also be included in order to provide a variety of information and because they are easy of access. Newspapers are useful because they are up to date, however the information can be too subjective, and as for this particular topic of dark tourism, the researcher found newspapers not really useful, because of the lack of information on dark tourism. Internet was useful source of information; however the reader need to check if the source is reliable and information is updated. Websites are easy to access and easy to research information on and are also updated regularly. This variety of sources gives a better understanding of the subject. Construction of Design Out of all the research that has been taken, text books and academic journals were the most reliable and valid to use to back up any point. This is due to the fact that dark tourism is comparatively new phenomenon in tourism industry, books and academic journals are often published frequently throughout the year so the information that is provided is up to date. Furthermore, academic journals and text books are intensely reviewed by academic professionals before publication to ensure its validity. The author of dissertation aimed to gather resources that were only published after the year 1999 as this is relatively recent; however certain books have been used from a much earlier date due to their relevance to the research question. However, journals or books dated in the 80s or 90s will not consider as outdated. The selection of secondary data gathered has been published in a variety of places; it was thought that as the topic in question is ethical issue of dark tourism, then perhaps research published in a variety of countries would be useful to get a wide range of views from across the globe. Advantages and Disadvantages of Research Methods Although secondary research was the ideal research method to use for this research project, it does hold some disadvantages. There is always the risk that the author could include their own opinions, so they can strongly sway towards one point and books can be not updated on a regular basis. Also, with academic journals, there are many accurate topics and findings, however a fee is charged for many of them, some of which are only available to a certain group of people making them hard or even impossible to access, this could put a strain on the researchers findings. As for Mintel, some of reports were helpful, but not published yet for audience. Furthermore, Ghosh and Chopra (2003) mention that although it is more cost effective and less time consuming, the secondary research may not be as accurate as the researcher had hoped. Besides this, secondary research still remained ideal for the dissertation as the quality of data obtained can be better than the quality of primary research, as information gained through secondary sources could have been obtained using better and more advanced resources. Moreover, because of the lack of time and financial situation, secondary research was primarily used as being cost effective and less time consuming, it is also easy to access as it does not require any additional resources. Primary research was considered due to the fact that it is useful to gather relevant data and access a large population of students tailored to the researchers needs. However, it was rejected due to the lack of experience, funds and resources which could give a limit to the quality of the data gathered and as a result, being unsuccessful (Kumar, 2005). The researcher does not have any experience in carrying out primary research so in order to make the research project successful, it would be inappropriate for primary research to be undergone for this dissertation, and it would make more sense for the researcher to analyse findings from previous and more experienced researchers and academic professionals. Plan for Data Analysis As there is a variety of secondary information gathered, it is necessary for the researcher to analyse them carefully. This variety of sources gives a better understanding of the subject. Once it has all been collected, it will be thoroughly analysed to determine its validity and reliability, and those that are not pertinent will be rejected from being used for the dissertation. It is important that validity is measured carefully as Kirk and Miller (1986, p.71) mentions that perfect validity entails perfect reliability. In order to evaluate the collected research, the researcher will read over it and make their own judgments based on a number of factors surrounding it for example, the sources in which the information was collected from and the method in which the sources were collected. When applying the frame work, the researcher will use it to assess different aspects of the dark tourism ethics to conclude by providing final results to the aim. Summary This methodology has evaluated and justified the choice of research design for this dissertation. As secondary research is being used, the researcher has analysed this type of research by describing the advantages and disadvantages of it. After the collected research has been evaluated, the findings will be analysed and discussed in the following section. Analysis and Evaluation This section is essential as the researcher will be analysing and evaluating the findings of the research project. The main aspects of the results which were found in the data discussed in the literature review will be approached carefully in order to weigh up the arguments effectively. Dark tourism and ethical issues Among the more established dilemmas of dark tourism is ethics and morality. Dark tourism has often raised ethical debates and discussions about the ways in which leisure time and pleasure are mixed with tragedy (Kempa and Strange, 2003), as many people think some sites of dark tourism are too sensitive to present it for the world to see. In addition, management of dark tourism attraction is a sensitive issue which is difficult to undertake, and Tunbridge and Ashworth (1996) observed the misuse and abuse of sacred values for market benefit and entertainment purposes are more likely to occur at atrocity site than at other heritage sites. Moreover, as Stone (2009,a) states, the rights of those whose death is commoditised or commercialised through dark tourism represent an important ethical and moral dimension, which deserves depth consideration. However, although this may be the case, it actually varies depending on the sh

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and Teen Parents Essay ex

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and Tenn Parents The American Public never loved social welfare programs, but it did not necessarily want them dismantled. In fact, by the early 1990s, nearly 50 percent of all households drew on government benefits from Food stamps to social security to mortgage interest tax deductions. To convince the public that it stood to gain from smaller government and weaker social programs, the reformers had to undermine the longstanding belief that government should play a large role in society. Abramovitz (1996) suggest that Civil rights gains were called reverse discrimination and the victories of the women’s and gay rights movement were seen as a threat to â€Å"family values.† Having set the stage, the welfare reformers began the attack on the welfare state by targeting AFDC, the most vulnerable and least popular welfare program. Drawing on social science theories that blamed poverty on the values and behavior of the poor, the reformers put forward the belief that social problems stemmed from a â€Å"culture of poverty† that promoted â€Å"defective† values and â€Å"deviant† behavior. In 1996, Congress passed and the President signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (P.L. 104-93). It combined AFDC (Aid to Families w/Dependent Children) JOBS, and Emergency Assistance into block grants of single capped entitlement to states and placed federal childcare funding into a separate block grant for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). The new federal law known as TANF was implemented in most states within the year. Reflecting the â€Å"work first† approach, TANF placed a lifetime limit of five years on welfare eligibility. The new approach to welfare... ...Philadelphia, PA- Manlove, J. (1998) The influence of high school drop out and school disengagement on the risk of school age pregnancy, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, 182-185 Mathews M. & Shelly, S. (1999) Turned away misinformed, and denied; Teen parents experience in the welfare office. Youth law News, July, August 1999 Roseman, E. & Yoshikawa, H. (1999) Effects of welfare reform on children of adolescent mother, moderation by maternal depression, father involvement and grandmother involvement Women and Health 32, June 1999. Vallerand R., Fortier M. & Guay F. (2000) School motivation for teens. Journal of Education Today, December 2000 Werthmeier, R. (1998). Childbearing by teens; Links to welfare reform. The Urban Institute, Fall Report, 1998 Zonker, L., (1997) Teenage pregnancy; Situation and strategies. The Florida Nurse, June, 1997

E.J. Computers Case Essay

Introduction The company I am going to be doing my project on is a small firm named E.J Computers. The company have been around for about a year and a half now and have 3 staff. It’s run from a small shop, which they have just recently moved to and they are slowly expanding. Therefore I am going to introduce an Access database to help make the job of keeping the accounts work easier. Statement of problem The problem at the moment is that the company is currently using a paper-based way of doing their accounts. This way is still quite common, but it makes more work for the end-user, as he usually has to go rummaging through bits of paper and filing cabinets etc. Also a problem with doing it this way is that bits of paper etc could go missing and the data would be lost. Its slower, takes up more room and looks unprofessional. I am going to be creating a database for a computer store that sells various things, from computer parts and accessories to fully working systems. The database will consist of many tables, including ones for customer details, products, delivery etc. I will be making the database a relational database so that the tables will interact and it will make it much more easier for the end user to be able to do or get to what they want. A computer database will be a lot safer to keep the records on. If they desire the end user could use some form of data protection so that he viewing of the records are not accessible for anybody (by either pass wording it etc). This way is a lot faster, less hassle, takes up less space and I think it looks more professional. So I am going to be creating a database, which will meet all of these needs. My initial idea is to create a database consisting of 4 tables, one for the customer details, one for the components, one for the ready built computer systems, and one for the orders. Results from questionnaire I wrote a questionnaire, and took it to my end user so that he could fill it in. I got it back, and now I can use the information that he provided to enable me to design my database to suit his needs. Basically he has the appropriate equipment that is required for him to be able to use the database and he also has the knowledge. From the feedback that I got, he basically has left me to my own device on the formatting side, which is good because I can use my imagination a bit and hopefully make a good design. The end user has also said that he would also like a password on the database for data protection. This ensures that the confidential data of his customers remains confidential. He also said that he would like his database to consist of 4 tables, one for customer details, two for product details, and one for order details etc. Information about end user’s computer Fortunately, the end user already has a suitable computer system to enable him to use the database. The current system is an AMD Athlon 1500+ 512mb DDR pc2700 RAM, 40GB HDD, 40x CD re-writer, 3 1/2 † Floppy disk, 17†³ CRT Monitor. He also has sufficient software, which is a bonus. Is current operating system is Windows XP professional and he also has office 2000. Description of the previous system Input of the previous system At the moment the whole system is paper based. If a customer purchases an item, their details are written down on a little white card, this includes their name, address, telephone number etc and then it is stored into a filing case. Eddie then has to write out a receipt by hand and issue it to the customer. If a customer requires delivery, there is an extra fee for postage and packaging and their information gets put into a separate file where at the end of the day it will be processed. Process of the previous system After the information is collected it is left. Hey don’t use it for anything else like advertising or sending special offers. It is just stored in a cupboard and every time a customer phones up or comes into the store and purchases a product it is taken back out and another card is filled in. Output of the previous system Again, the information is not used for output at all, the do not send special offers or print receipts. The receipts are all manually drawn up and written out. All products are paid for up front; no credit is given so there are no fines and no need to use the data for output. Method used for the previous system Data Flow Diagram of the previous system Problems with previous System Main problems with the previous system Problem Solution Time consuming Database will be easy and quick to access and use. Storage All data will be stored on the computer and will be easily accessible and found. Untidy work area Database will be on a computer, which will be neatly stored on the desk. Untidy work All work will be word-processed, therefore the data will all be neat and easy to read. Unsafe Data The database will be pass worded so that no unauthorised access will be possible Requirements of the new system Objectives of the new system Using access 2000 I will be creating a database for the company, this will make the system a lot better for my end user. To enable me to get an idea if what my end user actually wants he has filled in a questionnaire for me. This should help me understand fully what the end-user wants. My database will consist of four tables, each table representing different parts of the company. The first table will be a table for the customer’s details, it will store the details of every customer that comes into the shop and purchases an item. It will store their name, address, telephone number and each one will have their own unique customer ID number. This information can then be used for any marketing schemes that my end-user comes up with and the data will be handy at all times. My second table will contain information about the components that are available for the customers to purchase. It will consist of a list of the products that the shop has on sale and the type of that product. It will have the price, the amount that the business has in stock and a short description. The third table will consist of a list of pre-built fully working systems that are on sale; it will have a field for system ID, the price, number in stock, and a specification of each computer system. I will then have a fourth table consisting of information of the orders that have been placed, it will have the customers ID, the ID of the product that they have ordered, how much it will cost, and whether or not it need to be delivered. How the objectives will be fulfilled Description of the new system Input of the new system As I said above I will be putting the customer and product information details into the database using a mouse and a keyboard. I will be using a mouse to select to appropriate options and applications. I will also be using a VDU so I can actually see the information that I will be putting into the system. Process of the new system The process of the system is going to be pretty simple, I spoke with my end-use and we decided that I will make queries and sorts for the tables so that the information is easier to find and get hold of. We decided that it would be a good idea if I also include a mail merged letter so that things do not have to be written time after time. Output of the new system My end user has out the point across, that the output of the system is not really as vital as the input. The main purpose of creating this database is so that the details are stored safely on the computer. However a printer will probably be needed for the purpose of printing out records, and letters etc. This is not a permanent thing and maybe things will change later but for now this would be the only output. Performance criteria and limitations of the proposed system Qualitative My database solution will enable the end user to be able to sort the customers surnames into alphabetical so that it makes it easier for the end user to be able to find a customers records. My end user will also be able to sort the prices of everything that he sells into price order (for example cheapest to most expensive). This will make it easier for the end user, so that if he gets a customer asking about certain products that are on sale he can easily do a quick sort and be able to tell the customer. Quantitative With the solution I have made my end-user will be able to find the following: * Begin using the database within 30 seconds of opening it. * Find a customer using name or ID within 15 seconds. * Find a certain product with information within 20 seconds. * Find out if there re any deliveries that need to be made within 20 seconds. System flow chart Software and Hardware considerations Hardware The hardware that I will be using to create my database is as follows: Computer system: 1.0Gghz Celeron Processor 256mb SD RAM 20gb HDD Internal AGP SiS 8.0mb GFX card 15†³ Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor – Sufficient size display so I can easily see what I am doing. Keyboard – Standard RM keyboard enabling me to get the job done. Mouse – 3 button Key Mouse to make selecting options easier. Laser Printer – Printout copies of the work I am doing to take to my end-user to make sure it suits his needs accordingly. Some of my project will have to be completed at home in my own time on my own computer; my own computer consists of: AMD Athlon XP 1700+ 768mb DDR PC2700 RAM 40gb HDD NVIDIA Geforce4Ti 4800 SE Creative Sound Blaster 5.1 Microsoft Intellimouse Explorer 3.0 Optical (USB) Logitech Internet Navigator(tm) Keyboard Special Edition – Black Software The software that I will be using to create my database is as follows: Microsoft Windows 98 SE Operating System Microsoft Windows NT Network Microsoft Office 2000: Word Access – Mainly using access because it enables me to perform complex searches, have a splash screen and create an advanced database system. Excel FrontPage Outlook The software that I have on my computer at home, which will allow me to be able to design the database, is: Microsoft windows XP professional corporate edition Microsoft Office XP: Word Access Excel FrontPage Outlook Data security of the new system Use of passwords I am going to be using a password for my database, as my end user has requested it. My end – user will need a password, to ensure customer confidentiality. The password will be a word requested by the end user and only he and his staff will have access to the password and therefore the database. I have suggested that my end user should change his password on a regular basis, to ensure that if the password is found out it will get changed again. This makes the whole system more secure. Also, to make sure that the system does not get infected by viruses I have also suggested that the end – user invest in some form of anti – virus software. The software I have suggested is Norton Anti – Virus 2003 but it is down to the end – users discretion whether or not he goes ahead with it. Differences and similarities between the current system and the proposed ICT solution Similarities There are not many similarities between the two systems, as the general idea was to change the system to make it a lot better. However there is one similarity between the two systems, the same information is entered into the database as is entered onto cards. This is only a small similarity, as the whole process is completely different now. Specification – Design Possible solutions There were a few other possible solutions to my end-users problem; I came up with a number of alternatives but the database solution just seemed to stand out as being the best. The other solutions that I came up with which were taken into consideration by my end-user were as follows: * Swap the cards for sheets of paper, which could be stored in folder or filing cabinet. We decided that this would not be such a could idea, because its not really much of an improvement and my end-user needs a big improvement. * A spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel. We also decided against because is not a very efficient programme for the type of thing my end-user wants. You cannot perform clear searches or have different tables etc. * A table using Microsoft word. Again, we decided not to use word plainly because this programme is too simple and basic. It does not really include many advanced features like searches and the information cannot be stored neatly, which makes the information difficult to access. Reasons and justifications for final choice of software and hardware We eventually decided to go with the database using Microsoft Access, because overall we thought it was the best piece of software to use. A few of the reasons why we chose Microsoft Access are: * You can perform searches and queries * Data is easily accessed * Modern * You can create tables which are linked together * Create mail merged letters * Password In my hardware section I have already specified what I will be using for hardware. This specification of hardware is suitable for me to create the database because it offers enough speed and memory (both virtual and physical) to enable to be able to work efficiently. This is because the bigger the processor the bigger amount of RAM, all makes the computer a lot faster. Outputs required by the end user The outputs that are required by my end-user are: * Invoices – So that the customer has a proof of purchases. * Splash Screen – This is to improve the presentation of the database and to put information about the creator on. * Reports – To enable the end user to print out hard copies of queries etc * Mail-merged letters – So that the end user can automatically contact customers. Inputs and stored data needed to create the outputs Output What is required? Invoices Customer information, product information and details of purchase (date etc) Splash Screen My 1337 skillz Reports Results from queries from all 4 of my tables will be shown to make the reports, which will then be printed off so that the user has a hard copy Mail merged Letters Customer’s details, which can be automatically accessed. Processes that are required to produce the required outputs Knowledge and ability to use advanced package features Relationships The database that I will be creating will be a â€Å"many-to-many†. I will be in the form of first form normalisation. I will have four different tables, each having its own primary key that will be referentially integrated to a linking table, to make sure all the tables stay up to date.